1. Zimangochidziwitso chosindikizira: mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya makina osindikizira
Makina osindikizirandi chida chosindikizira cha shaft chomwe chimadalira pawiri kapena zingapo za nkhope zomapeto zomwe zimatsetsereka pang'onopang'ono mpaka kutsinde kuti likhalebe lokwanira pansi pa mphamvu yamadzimadzi komanso mphamvu yamagetsi (kapena mphamvu yamaginito) yamalipiro ndipo imakhala ndi zisindikizo zothandizira. kukwaniritsa kupewa kutayikira.
2. Kusankhidwa kwa zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri pazisindikizo zamakina
Madzi oyeretsedwa;kutentha kwabwino;(zamphamvu) 9CR18, 1CR13 pamwamba pa cobalt chromium tungsten, chitsulo chosungunuka;(static) impregnated utomoni graphite, mkuwa, phenolic pulasitiki.
Madzi a mtsinje (omwe ali ndi matope);kutentha kwabwino;(dynamic) tungsten carbide, (static) tungsten carbide
Madzi a m'nyanja;kutentha kwabwino;(yamphamvu) tungsten carbide, 1CR13 yophimba cobalt chromium tungsten, chitsulo chosungunuka;(static) impregnated utomoni graphite, tungsten carbide, cermet;
Madzi otentha kwambiri madigiri 100;(yamphamvu) tungsten carbide, 1CR13 pamwamba pa cobalt chromium tungsten, chitsulo chosungunuka;(static) impregnated utomoni graphite, tungsten carbide, cermet;
Mafuta, mafuta opaka, hydrocarbon yamadzi;kutentha kwabwino;(yamphamvu) tungsten carbide, 1CR13 pamwamba pa cobalt chromium tungsten, chitsulo chosungunuka;(static) impregnated utomoni kapena tini-antimony aloyi graphite, phenolic pulasitiki.
Mafuta, mafuta opaka, hydrocarbon yamadzi;100 madigiri;(yamphamvu) tungsten carbide, 1CR13 pamwamba pa cobalt chromium tungsten;(static) impregnated mkuwa kapena utomoni graphite.
Mafuta, mafuta opaka, ma hydrocarbons amadzimadzi;okhala ndi particles;(zamphamvu) tungsten carbide;(static) tungsten carbide.
3. Mitundu ndi ntchito zazipangizo zosindikizira
The zinthu zosindikizira ziyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira pakusindikiza.Chifukwa zofalitsa zoti zisindikizidwe ndizosiyana komanso momwe zinthu zimagwirira ntchito pazidazo ndizosiyana, zida zosindikizira zimafunikira kuti zikhale ndi kusinthika kosiyana.Zofunikira pazida zosindikizira ndizo:
1) Zinthuzo zimakhala ndi kachulukidwe kabwino ndipo sizosavuta kutulutsa media;
2) Khalani ndi mphamvu zamakina zoyenera ndi kuuma;
3) Good compressibility ndi kulimba mtima, mapindikidwe ang'onoang'ono okhazikika;
4) Simafewetsa kapena kuwola pa kutentha kwakukulu, sikuumitsa kapena kusweka pa kutentha kochepa;
5) Ili ndi kukana bwino kwa dzimbiri ndipo imatha kugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali mu acid, alkali, mafuta ndi media zina.Voliyumu yake ndi kuuma kwake kumasintha ndizochepa, ndipo sizimamatira pamwamba pazitsulo;
6) Coefficient yaing'ono yotsutsana ndi kukana kwabwino;
7) Ili ndi kusinthasintha kuphatikiza ndikusindikiza pamwamba;
8) Kukana kukalamba kwabwino komanso kulimba;
9) Ndizosavuta kukonza ndi kupanga, zotsika mtengo komanso zosavuta kupeza zida.
Mpirandizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri posindikiza.Kuphatikiza pa mphira, zida zina zoyenera zosindikizira zimaphatikizapo graphite, polytetrafluoroethylene ndi zosindikizira zosiyanasiyana.
4. Zofunikira zaukadaulo pakuyika ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zisindikizo zamakina
1).Kuthamanga kwazitsulo kwazitsulo zozungulira shaft ziyenera kukhala ≤0.04 mm, ndipo kuyenda kwa axial sikuyenera kukhala kwakukulu kuposa 0.1 mm;
2) Gawo losindikizira la zipangizo liyenera kukhala loyera panthawi yoikapo, zigawo zosindikizira ziyenera kutsukidwa, ndipo nkhope yosindikizira iyenera kukhala yosasunthika kuti zisawonongeke ndi fumbi kuti zilowetsedwe mu gawo losindikiza;
3).Ndizoletsedwa kugunda kapena kugogoda panthawi yoyikapo kuti mupewe kuwonongeka kwa chisindikizo cha makina ndi kulephera kwa chisindikizo;
4) Pakuyika, mafuta osanjikiza opangidwa ndi makina oyeretsera ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamwamba pokhudzana ndi chisindikizo kuti atsimikizire kuyika kosalala;
5) Poika static ring gland, zomangira zomangirira ziyenera kutsindika mofanana kuti zitsimikizire kuti perpendicularity pakati pa mapeto a mphete ya static ndi mzere wa axis;
6) Mukatha kuyika, kanikizani mphete yosuntha ndi dzanja kuti mphete yosuntha isunthike patsinde ndikukhala ndi kuchuluka kwa elasticity;
7) Pambuyo kukhazikitsa, tembenuzirani shaft yozungulira ndi dzanja.Tsinde lozungulira liyenera kukhala lolemera kapena lolemera;
8) Zidazo ziyenera kudzazidwa ndi zofalitsa zisanayambe kugwira ntchito kuti zisawononge kukangana kouma ndi kulephera kwa chisindikizo;
9) Kwa media yowoneka bwino komanso ya granular, kutentha kwapakati ndi> 80OC, kuyezetsa kofananira, kusefa, ndi kuziziritsa kuyenera kutengedwa.Chonde tchulani miyezo yoyenera ya zisindikizo zamakina pazida zosiyanasiyana zothandizira.
10).Pa unsembe, wosanjikiza woyera makina mafuta ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamwamba kukhudzana ndichisindikizo.Chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kuperekedwa pakusankhidwa kwa mafuta opangira makina osiyanasiyana othandizira chisindikizo kuti asapangitse O-ring kuti ikule chifukwa cha kulowerera kwa mafuta kapena kufulumizitsa ukalamba, zomwe zimayambitsa kusindikiza msanga.Zosalondola.
5. Kodi mfundo zitatu zosindikizira za chosindikizira cha shaft ndi chiyani, ndi mfundo zosindikizira za malo atatuwa osindikizira?
Thechisindikizopakati pa mphete yosuntha ndi mphete yokhazikika imadalira zinthu zotanuka (kasupe, mvuvu, etc.) ndimadzi osindikizirakukakamiza kuti apange mphamvu yokakamiza (yofanana) pamalo olumikizana (nkhope yakumapeto) ya mphete yosuntha komanso mphete yokhazikika.Pressure) imapangitsa kuti nkhope ziwiri zosalala komanso zowongoka zikhale zogwirizana;filimu yamadzimadzi yopyapyala kwambiri imasungidwa pakati pa mapeto a nkhope kuti akwaniritse kusindikiza.Kanemayu ali ndi mphamvu yamadzimadzi yamadzimadzi komanso kuthamanga kwapang'onopang'ono, komwe kumagwira ntchito yofananira kuthamanga ndi kudzoza kumapeto kwa nkhope.Chifukwa chomwe nkhope zonse ziwirizi ziyenera kukhala zosalala komanso zowongoka ndikupanga zoyenerana bwino ndi nkhope zakumapeto ndikufananiza kukakamizidwa kwapadera.Ichi ndi chisindikizo chozungulira chachibale.
6. Makina osindikizirachidziwitso ndi mitundu yaukadaulo wamakina osindikizira
Panopa, zosiyanasiyana zatsopanomakina chisindikizomatekinoloje ogwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zatsopano ndi njira zikupita patsogolo mofulumira.Pali zatsopano zotsatirazimakina chisindikizomatekinoloje.Kusindikiza pamwamba poyambiraluso losindikizaM'zaka zaposachedwa, ma groove osiyanasiyana otuluka atsegulidwa pamapeto osindikizira a zisindikizo zamakina kuti apange hydrostatic ndi dynamic pressure effect, ndipo ikusinthidwabe.Zero leakge kusindikiza tekinoloje M'mbuyomu, nthawi zonse ankakhulupirira kuti zisindikizo zamakina osalumikizana komanso osalumikizana sizingakwaniritse zero leak (kapena palibe kutayikira).Israel imagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wosindikizira kuti apereke lingaliro latsopano la zero-leakage non-contact mechanical end seals, lomwe lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito popaka mapampu amafuta m'mafakitale amagetsi a nyukiliya.Ukadaulo wosindikizira wa gasi wowuma wamtunduwu umagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wosindikizira wa slotted posindikiza gasi.Ukadaulo wopopera wosindikiza kumtunda umagwiritsa ntchito ma groove otuluka pamalo osindikizira kupopera timadzi timeneti tokha kuchoka kunsi kwa mtsinje kubwerera kumtunda.Mawonekedwe amitundu yomwe tatchulayi ya zisindikizo ndi izi: amagwiritsa ntchito ma grooves osaya, ndipo makulidwe a filimu ndi kuya kwa groove ndi ma micron-level.Amagwiritsanso ntchito ma groove opaka mafuta, madamu osindikizira ma radial ndi ma weir osindikiza ozungulira kuti apange magawo osindikizira ndi onyamula katundu.Tinganenenso kuti chisindikizo cha grooved ndi kuphatikiza kwa chisindikizo chathyathyathya ndi grooved bearing.Ubwino wake ndi kutayikira kwakung'ono (kapena ngakhale kutayikira), makulidwe akulu a kanema, kuthetsa mikangano yolumikizana, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa komanso kutentha thupi.Tekinoloje yosindikizira ya Thermal hydrodynamic imagwiritsa ntchito ma groove osiyanasiyana osindikizira pamwamba kuti apangitse kutentha komweko kuti apange mphamvu ya hydrodynamic wedge.Chisindikizo chamtunduwu chokhala ndi mphamvu ya hydrodynamic kunyamula chimatchedwa thermohydrodynamic wedge seal.
Ukadaulo wosindikiza wa Bellows ukhoza kugawidwa m'mavuvu achitsulo opangidwa ndi zitsulo zowotcherera zitsulo zamakina osindikiza.
Ukadaulo wosindikizira wamitundu yambiri umagawidwa kukhala kusindikiza kawiri, kusindikiza mphete yapakatikati ndiukadaulo wosindikiza.Kuphatikiza apo, pali ukadaulo wosindikiza wapamtunda wofananira, ukadaulo wosindikiza, ukadaulo wophatikizira wosindikiza, etc.
7. Makina osindikizirachidziwitso, makina chisindikizo kuwotcherera chiwembu ndi makhalidwe
Cholinga cha kupukuta ndi kuteteza kudzikundikira kwa zonyansa, kuteteza mapangidwe a matumba a mpweya, kusunga ndi kukonza mafuta odzola, etc. Pamene kutentha kwa madzi otsekemera kumakhala kochepa, kumakhalanso ndi kuzizira.Njira zazikulu zoyeretsera ndi izi:
1. Kuthamanga kwa mkati
1. Kukwapula bwino
(1) Mawonekedwe: Sing'anga yosindikizidwa ya wogwiritsa ntchitoyo imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyambitsa chipinda chosindikizira kuchokera kumapeto kwa mpope kudzera papaipi.
(2) Ntchito: imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeretsa madzi.P1 ndi yaikulu pang'ono kuposa P. Pamene kutentha kuli kwakukulu kapena pali zonyansa, zozizira, zosefera, ndi zina zotero zimatha kuikidwa paipi.
2. Kusamba msana
(1) Mawonekedwe: Sing'anga yosindikizidwa ya wogwiritsa ntchitoyo imalowetsedwa m'chipinda chosindikizira kuchokera kumapeto kwa mpope, ndipo imabwereranso kumalo olowera mpope kudzera mupaipi itatha kuthamangitsidwa.
(2) Ntchito: amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeretsa madzi, ndipo P amalowetsa 3. Kuthamanga kwathunthu
(1) Mawonekedwe: Sing'anga yomata ya wogwiritsa ntchitoyo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsegulira chipinda chosindikizira kuchokera kumapeto kwa mpope kudzera papaipi, ndiyeno imabwereranso polowera pompo kudzera papaipi itatha kuthamangitsidwa.
(2) Kugwiritsa ntchito: Kuzizira kumakhala bwino kuposa ziwiri zoyambirira, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeretsa madzi, komanso pamene P1 ili pafupi ndi P mkati ndi P kunja.
2. Kupaka kunja
Mawonekedwe: Yambitsani zamadzimadzi zoyera zochokera kunja zomwe zimagwirizana ndi zomata mpaka pabowo losindikizira kuti azitsuka.
Kugwiritsa ntchito: Kuthamanga kwamadzimadzi otuluka kunja kuyenera kukhala 0.05--0.1MPA kuposa sing'anga yosindikizidwa.Ndizoyenera nthawi yomwe sing'anga ndi kutentha kwambiri kapena imakhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono.Kuthamanga kwa madzi otsekemera kuyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti kutentha kwachotsedwa, komanso kuyenera kukwaniritsa zosowa zamadzimadzi popanda kuwononga zisindikizo.Kuti izi zitheke, kuthamanga kwa chipinda chosindikizira komanso kuthamanga kwa kuthamanga kwamadzi kuyenera kuwongoleredwa.Nthawi zambiri, kuthamanga kwamadzimadzi oyeretsera koyera kuyenera kukhala kosakwana 5M/S;madzi slurry okhala ndi particles ayenera kukhala osachepera 3M/S.Kuti mukwaniritse mtengo wothamanga womwe uli pamwambapa, madzi otsekemera ndi khomo lotsekera liyenera kukhala Kusiyana kwa kuthamanga kuyenera kukhala <0.5MPA, nthawi zambiri 0.05--0.1MPA, ndi 0.1--0.2MPa pazisindikizo zamakina awiri.Malo otulukapo kuti madzi osungunula alowe ndi kutulutsa bowo lotsekera akhazikike mozungulira nkhope yomata komanso pafupi ndi mbali ya mphete yosuntha.Pofuna kupewa mphete ya graphite kuti isawonongeke kapena kupundutsidwa ndi kusiyana kwa kutentha chifukwa cha kuzizira kosagwirizana, komanso kudzikundikira konyansa ndi kuphika, etc., Tangential introduction kapena multi-point flushing ingagwiritsidwe ntchito.Ngati ndi kotheka, madzi otsekemera amatha kukhala madzi otentha kapena nthunzi.
Nthawi yotumiza: Oct-31-2023